Hydroxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride Hydrogel Split Mucosal Relationship
2,5-FURANDICARBOXYLIC ACID
2, 5-Furandicarboxylic acid
In this study, 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC)-based hydrogel was excogitated as a mucosal adjuvant for H5N1 vaccine. Aimed to investigate the structure activity relationship between HTCC hydrogel and immune response, we organised a series of HTCC hydrogel with seted quaternization stages (DQs, 0%, 21%, 41%, 60%, 80%). Results intimated that with DQ increasing, the positive charge and gelation time of HTCC hydrogel increased but the viscosity minifyed. We holded in vivo imaging system and happened that the moderate DQ 41% prolonged antigen residence time in nasal cavity, leaving in the most potent systemic responses (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, HI) the lowest DQ 0% maked the best mucosal IgA antibody responses, most likely due to the closer contact with mucosa the influence of animal gender was also discoursed. These data add to the developing understanding of the relationship between physicochemical lineaments of chitosan-grinded hydrogel and how they influence the immune responses.Development of a polylactic acid-surfaced nanocellulose/chitosan-established film indicator for real-time monitoring of beef spoilage.
Food safety is one of the biggest challenges in global marketplaces. There is a critical need to develop a simple, affordable, and environmentally friendly color indicator that can quickly and conveniently monitor and indicate the quality of boxed food merchandises in the home, supermarkets, stores, etc. This study pointed to develop a nanocellulose/chitosan-finded film surfaced with polylactic acid (PLA) to monitor beef spoilage in real-time. This film described PLA/NCM was invented by throwing a suspension of a nanocellulose/chitosan mixture doped with methyl red, followed by a coating of PLA on the film surface. The film displayed a visible color change in response to different pH buffer solutions (2-10). The PLA/NCM film was applied to monitor the spoilage of beef under a refrigeration condition of 4 °C and demoed an apparent color change after 5 days as a threshold for beef spoilage. The color modulation of the PLA/NCM celluloids was worked each time via a colorimetric device and exposed substantial color difference values (ΔE) after 5 days of beef spoilage.
The total viable microbial reckonings (TVC) and pH of the beef sample were influenced, and the findings recorded that the TVC and pH increased simultaneously during the beef spoilage. Although further research is necessary, the PLA/NCM film has the potential to be a color indicator for application in both smart food packaging and real-time monitoring of spoilage of beef and other meat wares.Synthesis and characterization of a novel benzothiazole functionalized chitosan and its use for effective adsorption of Cu(II).Contamination of water with the copper(II) ions tops to serious diseases such as liver damage and cancer. This deadly effect prompted us to target the synthesis of a novel functionalized chitosan (Cs-BT) to be used as an adsorbent for taking the copper(II) ions from the aqueous solution. The functionalization was done by premising benzothiazole moiety into the chitosan (Cs) chain and affirmed by the full disappearance of the NH(2) band in the FT-IR spectrum of the adsorbent. The TGA-DTG analysis breaked that the functionalization slimed the thermal stability of the adsorbent (Cs-BT) as compared with pure chitosan.
The adsorption was demonstrated by SEM and EDX analysis. The adsorption study attested that the optimal adsorption shapes were 120 min contact time, pH = 6, and initial Cu(II) concentration 200 mg/L. At these conditions, the Cs-BT attained a maximum copper adsorption capacity of 1439 mg/g Cs-BT could be a promising and efficient Cu adsorbent in water treatment. Study the adsorption kinetics and isotherms manifested that the pseudo-first-order was better than pseudo-second-order and Temkin isotherm was better than Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich for excusing the adsorption process. The calculated thermodynamic parameters implied the spontaneity and the endothermic nature of the adsorption process.Preparation and pore-working mechanism of hydrogen bond and ionic bond double-forced chitosan-based mesoporous carbon.